\documentclass{beamer} \mode { \usetheme{Warsaw} % or ... \setbeamercovered{transparent} % or whatever (possibly just delete it) } \usepackage[english]{babel} % or whatever \usepackage{pdfpages} \usepackage{ucs} \usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % or whatever \usepackage{times} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \title[programs, debconf, man pages translation using gettext] % (optional, use only with long paper titles) {Programs, debconf, man pages translation using gettext : a tutorial for skilled and less skilled Debian developers and translators} \author[bubulle] % (optional, use only with lots of authors) {Christian ~Perrier} % - Give the names in the same order as the appear in the paper. % - Use the \inst{?} command only if the authors have different % affiliation. % - Use the \inst command only if there are several affiliations. % - Keep it simple, no one is interested in your street address. \date[Debconf 5] % (optional, should be abbreviation of conference name) {5th Debian Conference, Helsinki,\\ Finland} % - Either use conference name or its abbreviation. % - Not really informative to the audience, more for people (including % yourself) who are reading the slides online \pgfdeclareimage[height=2cm]{debian-logo}{debian-swirl} \logo{\pgfuseimage{debian-logo}} % Delete this, if you do not want the table of contents to pop up at % the beginning of each subsection: \AtBeginSection[] { \begin{frame} \frametitle{Outline} \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection] \end{frame} } \AtBeginSubsection[] { \begin{frame} \frametitle{Outline} \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection] \end{frame} } % If you wish to uncover everything in a step-wise fashion, uncomment % the following command: %\beamerdefaultoverlayspecification{<+->} \begin{document} \begin{frame} \titlepage \begin{center} \small{This work is dedicated to René Cougnenc} \end{center} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \tableofcontents \end{frame} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Tutorial structure} \begin{frame} \frametitle{What is in this tutorial?} \begin{itemize}[<+->] \item handling localisation in already internationalised software \item handling Debian specific localisation in packages \item a too short tutorial \end{itemize} \end{frame} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \begin{frame} \frametitle{What is NOT in this tutorial?} \begin{itemize} \item internationalising software (NOT a gettext course) \item character encodings explanations \item it is INFORMAL... \item ...and badly prepared \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{A few reminders} \begin{itemize} \item Internationalisation (i18n) \begin{itemize} \item Get software ready to work with different languages in different countries %\pause \end{itemize} \item Localisation (l10n) \begin{itemize} \item Translate software and documentation to different languages %\pause \end{itemize} \item Multilingualisation (m17n) \begin{itemize} \item Get software ready to be used in several languages at the same time %\pause \end{itemize} \item Globalisation (g11n) \begin{itemize} \item The whole picture \end{itemize} \item Bubullisation (b11n) \begin{itemize} \item The pain for you to be here and listen to me talking tooo much %\pause \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Digging in the dirt} \begin{frame} \frametitle{Let's find the places we'll get hurt} \begin{itemize} \item GNU hello  \begin{itemize} \item a good example of an already i18n'ed software. \item a good example of Debian package \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \subsection{Programs translations} \begin{frame} \frametitle{Hello compilation and i18n} \begin{itemize} \item Let's dig in it NOW \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{LESSON Nr. 1} \begin{itemize} \item Software author: thou shalt comment the source \item Translator: thou shalt whine and request comments \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{The mysterious PO files} \begin{itemize} \item Usually lie in a po/ directory \item PO==Portable Object files \begin{itemize} \item \texttt{msgfmt} compile to MO files \end{itemize} \item Advantages: \begin{itemize} \item text files \item simple format \begin{itemize} \item header: file contents and information about translator(s) \item strings: the msgid/msgstr couple \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \item Caveat(s): \begin{itemize} \item depends on English for string IDs \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{Important files in a po/ directory} \begin{itemize} \item \texttt{LINGUAS} \begin{itemize} \item Lists the supported languages (PO-->MO) \item Depending on build process, also see \texttt{LINGUAS} or \texttt{ALL\_LINGUAS} variables \end{itemize} \item \texttt{POTFILES\{.in\}} \begin{itemize} \item Defines WHICH files contain translatable material \item Reference for (auto)build tools to list the supported languages \end{itemize} \item The POT file \begin{itemize} \item PO ``template'' file \item Contains the translatable material (list of msgids) \end{itemize} \item The PO files \begin{itemize} \item One per language (ISO-639 code AND NOTHING ELSE) \item Contains the translations \item May use various encodings. DO NOT MESS THEM. \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{LESSON Nr. 2} \begin{itemize} \item Thou shalt not change msgstr \item Thou shalt not change encoding without reason \item Thou shalt not use xx\_YY file names except: \begin{itemize} \item pt\_BR/pt \item zh\_CN/zh\_TW \item pa\_IN/pa\_PK \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{Let's translate Hello to Klingon} \begin{itemize} \item ISO code name? \begin{itemize} \item \texttt{grep -i klingon /usr/share/iso-codes/iso\_639.tab} \end{itemize} \item \texttt{cp hello.pot tlh.po} \item Header fields \end{itemize} \end{frame} %\begin{frame} % \frametitle{PO files headers (Enrico-compliant slide)} % \begin{itemize} % \item % Project-Id-Version % \begin{itemize} % \item % not well standardized use. Package or program name \dots % \end{itemize} % \item % Report-Msgid-Bugs-To : % \begin{itemize} % \item % e-mail address where errors in ORIGINAL text should be reported % \end{itemize} % \item % POT-Creation-Date: % \begin{itemize} % \item % date of the last update of the POT % \end{itemize} %st \item % PO-Revision-Date: % \begin{itemize} % \item % MUST BE CHANGED by translators for each update % \end{itemize} % \item % Last-Translator: % \begin{itemize} % \item % Contact for this translation. VERY IMPORTANT. % \end{itemize} % \item % Language-Team: % \begin{itemize} % \item % Often used as backup contact. Opened or moderated list preferrably % \end{itemize} % \item % MIME fields: % \begin{itemize} % \item % Replace CHARSET by the real charset in the file % \end{itemize} % \end{itemize} %\end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{LESSON Nr. 3} \begin{itemize} \item Properly fill in the header fields \item DO NOT change header fields \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{Status of translations} The magic \texttt{msgfmt} utility: \begin{itemize} \item \texttt{msgfmt --check} \item \texttt{msgfmt --statistics} \item Fuzzy? Untranslated? \item Changing upstream strings ``fuzzies'' the translations \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{Other useful utilities} \begin{itemize} \item \texttt{msgcat} \begin{itemize} \item Reformat and/or concatenate files \end{itemize} \item \texttt{msgmerge} \begin{itemize} \item Merge msgids of a POT file into a PO file \end{itemize} \item \texttt{msgattrib} \begin{itemize} \item Manipulate translation attributes (fuzzy/untranslated/obsoleted) \end{itemize} \item \texttt{msgfilter} \begin{itemize} \item Apply a filter to all translations of a translation catalog \end{itemize} \item \texttt{msguniq} \begin{itemize} \item Deal with duplicates msgid's \end{itemize} \item \texttt{msguntypot} \begin{itemize} \item NOT IN GETTEXT: deal with typo corrections \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \subsection{Debconf translations} \begin{frame} \frametitle{What's involved?} \begin{itemize} \item \texttt{*.templates} file : the reference file(s) \item po directory \item \texttt{debconf-updatepo} \item \texttt{dh\_installdebconf} magic \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{LESSON Nr. 4} \begin{itemize} \item Write good English in templates \begin{itemize} \item \texttt{debian-l10n-english} \end{itemize} \item Use consistent style \begin{itemize} \item Read the Developer's Reference! \end{itemize} \item Make more use of common templates \begin{itemize} \item www-config \item dbconfig-common \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{A few tricks with debconf templates} \begin{itemize} \item podebconf-display-po \begin{itemize} \item Display translated debconf templates as they should be \end{itemize} \item podebconf-report-po \begin{itemize} \item Warn translators about needed updates \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \subsection{Man pages translations} \begin{frame} \frametitle{Why are man pages translations painful?} \begin{itemize} \item Many translation projects outside projects \item Traditional model: maintenance is painful \item No relation between original and translation \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{Thou shalt use PO} \begin{itemize} \item Translators are used to PO files \item Good tools exist \begin{itemize} \item po4a \item xml2po (gnome-doc-utils) \item poxml \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{po4a: Martin and Denis save our souls} \begin{itemize} \item Strings are extracted from the original \item Translated into the PO \item Reinject translations in a new document \item \begin{itemize} \item \huge{po4a ROCKS} \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{The journey of a translated man page} \begin{itemize} \item Re-use an existing translation: \texttt{po4a-gettextize} \item Update the PO file wrt original: \texttt{po4a-updatepo} \item Complete/Correct/Break the PO file \item Generate the translated man page: \texttt{po4a-translate} \item \begin{itemize} \item \huge{po4a ROCKS} \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{po4a towards World Domination} \begin{itemize} \item Very few packages use po4a for man pages \begin{itemize} \item apt-show-versions \item po4a \end{itemize} \item Internally used in the French team \item Thou shalt be po4ayed \begin{itemize} \item dpkg \item apt \end{itemize} \item \begin{itemize} \item \huge{po4a ROCKS} \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{LESSON Nr. 5} \begin{itemize} \item Thou shalt switch thy man page to po4a \begin{itemize} \item Ask for help on \texttt{debian-i18n} mailing list \end{itemize} \item \begin{itemize} \item \huge{po4a ROCKS} \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \begin{frame} \frametitle{PO rUleZ} \begin{itemize} \item \huge{Just Po It} \item \begin{itemize} \item \huge{po4a ROCKS} \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \end{frame} \end{document}